RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT ON NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

This sub-class includes biotechnology research and experimental development (R&D) that involves the study of the use of microorganisms and/or cellular and/or biomolecular processes to develop or alter living or non-living materials. This research and development in biotechnology may result in development of new processes or in prototypes of new products that may be reproduced, utilised, or implemented by various industries (excluding medical science and veterinary science).

This sub-class includes research and experimental development (R&D) on electronic hardware and/or software for various uses (e.g., industrial, household, IT). This research and development in electronics may result in development of new processes or in prototypes of new software or hardware that may be reproduced, utilised, or implemented by various industries (excluding medical science and veterinary science).

This sub-class includes: - research and experimental development (R&D) to produce new chemical products - R&D to improve procedure and/or processes to make chemicals (e.g., to conserve and/or minimize the amount of raw materials to be used in the chemical production process)

This sub-class includes: - research and experimental development (R&D) on general building or civil engineering design, process and/or industrial plant engineering design, infrastructure engineering design, mining, oil & gas extraction and/or offshore exploration activities engineering design to produce new engineering equipment/machinery (e.g., new machines to reduce time for infrastructure, new machines that help to reduce pollution for mining) - R&D to improve existing engineering procedure and/or processes (e.g., reduce time taken to perform engineering procedures)

This sub-class includes: - research and experimental development (R&D) to produce new environment and/or clean energy technologies (e.g., new renewable fuel source) - R&D to improve procedure and processes for existing environment and/or clean energy technologies (e.g., more efficient ways of producing the clean technology) using various supporting means such as biotechnology

This sub-class includes: - research and experimental development (R&D) on health and/or medical science - R&D on the diagnosis, treatment, and/or prevention of disease - R&D of human health and/or acquiring knowledge to cure or prevent diseases in human beings - R&D on vaccines to prevent diseases in human beings - R&D on all types of technologies (e.g., electronics, biotechnology, equipment, devices, software and hardware) that directly impact human health - R&D on medical processes and/or procedures, e.g., diagnostic, therapeutic, surgical methods and/or practices - clinical research that determines the safety and/or efficacy of medications, devices, diagnostic products and/or treatment regimens intended for human use - R&D on veterinary sciences

This sub-class includes research and experimental development (R&D) activities on natural sciences not elsewhere classified. Examples: - agricultural experimentation - R&D on agriculture and fisheries sciences - agricultural research service